Carbon boundary
Whole-life Carbon
kgCO₂e/m²kgCO₂eA1-C4
Embodied, operational and end-of-life impacts are compared over the selected study period.
Product
One early-stage view of carbon, energy and comfort trade-offs.
CASCA supports building and facade option studies across embodied carbon, operational energy, thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, visual comfort, parametric option studies and whole-life carbon review.
Method and performance domains
One review basis for carbon, energy and comfort trade-offs.
CASCA combines a building workflow for project-scale carbon assessment with a room workflow for dynamic facade, energy and comfort optioneering.
Balanced option: keeps carbon, energy and comfort domains broadly aligned.
Dynamic simulation
Operational Energy
kWh/m²·yrprimary kWh/m²
Hourly weather, gains, ventilation and solar inputs support energy intensity comparison.
Occupied conditions
Thermal Comfort
PMVPPD %MRToperative °C
Room comfort is reviewed to identify overheating and facade-side thermal risk.
Facade attenuation
Acoustical Comfort
dB(A) externalRw dBdB(A) internal
External noise, facade sound reduction and predicted internal noise are compared.
Radiance daylight
Visual Comfort
sDA %UDI %ASE %lux
Daylight availability, useful illuminance and direct-sun exposure stay visible.
Facade properties
Glazing Treatment
U-valueSHGCVTLBNL WINDOW
Whole-product optical and thermal properties are used for facade option comparison.
Parametric analysis
Explore many design options without rebuilding the study each time.
CASCA can compare multiple glazing, facade and design assumptions in a single option study, helping teams see how whole-life carbon and comfort outcomes shift across a broader design space.
- Compare several glazing or facade strategies side by side.
- Review carbon and comfort trade-offs across the option set.
- Use the results to narrow decisions before committing to detailed modelling.
Outputs
Detailed results without losing early-stage usability.
CASCA outputs are designed for option appraisal, benchmark discussion, research studies and teaching exercises.
Operational Energy
Annual and monthly energy outputs for heating, cooling, electricity and fuel use where relevant.
Thermal Comfort
Comfort and overheating outputs make sure lower-carbon options do not hide poor room performance.
Acoustical Comfort
Outside noise, facade sound reduction and predicted room noise are presented as clear review metrics.
Visual Comfort
Daylight and visual comfort outputs help show how glazing and shading choices affect room experience.
Whole-life Carbon
Material and assembly carbon broken down through clear life-cycle modules.
Parametric analysis
Option-sweep outputs help compare many facade and glazing strategies without reviewing one isolated run at a time.
Performance trade-offs
Radar-style outputs help communicate the balance between carbon, operational and comfort domains.